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Woodward_Breaker_1900
L&WB Badge Front
L&WB Badge Back
Maxwell Breaker L and WB Coal Co 1910
U. S. Aluminum Co. C & I Police Badge
  U. S. Aluminum Co. C & I Police Badge Reverse.jpeg - COAL & IRON POLICE BADGE U. S. ALUMINUM CO. - Coal and iron police badge with U. S. Aluminum Co. marked below Pennsylvania state seal centered on badge; 2 7/8 in. tall by 1 7/8 in. wide; marked on top with Coal & Iron Police and at bottom with number 2, working clasp on back, U. S. Aluminum Company’s private police force, part of the industrial police forces known as Coal & Iron Police which were legal in Pennsylvania from 1865 to 1931. Badge dates from prior to 1925, at which time U. S. Aluminum Co. was absorbed by the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company, another Alcoa subsidiary. COAL & IRON POLICE - In 1865, the Pennsylvania State Legislature passed State Act 228 which empowered the railroads to organize private police forces. In 1866, a supplement to the act was passed extending the privilege to "embrace all corporations, firms, or individuals, owning, leasing, or being in possession of any colliery, furnace, or rolling mill within this commonwealth." The men of the private police forces were called "Coal and Iron Police" and received commissions from the state although their salaries were paid by the various coal companies for whom they worked. Although they were hired to protect the property of their respective coal companies and the homes of coal company officials, they were used to intimidate and break up striking mine workers, and if necessary, evict them and their families from their homes. In some communities the coal and iron police were accused of assault, kidnapping, rape, and murder. A total of over 7,632 commissions were given for the Coal and Iron Police. On June 30, 1931, Governor Pinchot revoked all coal and iron police commissions, thus ending a 66-year period of sad mining history in the state of Pennsylvania. U. S. ALUMINUM CO. - The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) New Kensington Works in Moreland County PA was established in 1891 by Charles M. Hall’s Pittsburgh Reduction Company (PRC) as the first major aluminum producing plant outside Pittsburgh. Hall of Oberlin, Ohio had developed an electrolytic process for the reduction of aluminum from alumina in 1866. Until then, aluminum played no role in America. By the mid-1890s PRC was shipping 250 tons of aluminum annually. The Pittsburgh Reduction Company was renamed Alcoa in 1907 as the nation’s first major producer of aluminum and aluminum products. The New Kensington Works of Alcoa is located nineteen miles northeast of Pittsburgh, extended along the Allegheny River, and is bordered by Ninth Street to the south and Sixteenth Street to the north. By 1900 the New Kensington plant, now encompassing over fifteen acres, concentrated on metal fabrication and manufacture of new products, including special alloys, ingots, casting, sheets, rod and bars, cooking utensils, and job shop items. The United States Aluminum Company (USAC) was incorporated on September 28, 1901 to manufacture the cooking utensils and other products with the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company (ACUC) formed on October 24, 1901 to sell them, both as wholly owned subsidiaries of PRC. The kitchen utensils were sold under the Wear-Ever brand name. By 1912, their utensils had created and secured more than 75 percent of the aluminum cookware sales in the United States. In 1916 Alcoa completed the four story building located on Eleventh Street between Fourth and Fifth Avenues in New Kensington that housed both USAC and ACUC. This arrangement continued until 1925 when the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company took over manufacturing as well as sales. These two companies employed 3,834 workers.  
New Kensington Plant 1922 Photo
Hilldale Coal & Coke C & I Police Badge
Hilldale Coal & Coke C & I Police Badge Reverse
Coke Ovens Indiana County PA photo ca 1910
Colorado and Pikes Peak Consolidated Mining Cripple Creek

U. S. Aluminum Co. C & I Police Badge Reverse | COAL & IRON POLICE BADGE U. S. ALUMINUM CO. - Coal and iron police badge with U. S. Aluminum Co. marked below Pennsylvania state seal centered on badge; 2 7/8 in. tall by 1 7/8 in. wide; marked on top with Coal & Iron Police and at bottom with number 2, working clasp on back, U. S. Aluminum Company’s private police force, part of the industrial police forces known as Coal & Iron Police which were legal in Pennsylvania from 1865 to 1931. Badge dates from prior to 1925, at which time U. S. Aluminum Co. was absorbed by the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company, another Alcoa subsidiary. COAL & IRON POLICE - In 1865, the Pennsylvania State Legislature passed State Act 228 which empowered the railroads to organize private police forces. In 1866, a supplement to the act was passed extending the privilege to "embrace all corporations, firms, or individuals, owning, leasing, or being in possession of any colliery, furnace, or rolling mill within this commonwealth." The men of the private police forces were called "Coal and Iron Police" and received commissions from the state although their salaries were paid by the various coal companies for whom they worked. Although they were hired to protect the property of their respective coal companies and the homes of coal company officials, they were used to intimidate and break up striking mine workers, and if necessary, evict them and their families from their homes. In some communities the coal and iron police were accused of assault, kidnapping, rape, and murder. A total of over 7,632 commissions were given for the Coal and Iron Police. On June 30, 1931, Governor Pinchot revoked all coal and iron police commissions, thus ending a 66-year period of sad mining history in the state of Pennsylvania. U. S. ALUMINUM CO. - The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) New Kensington Works in Moreland County PA was established in 1891 by Charles M. Hall’s Pittsburgh Reduction Company (PRC) as the first major aluminum producing plant outside Pittsburgh. Hall of Oberlin, Ohio had developed an electrolytic process for the reduction of aluminum from alumina in 1866. Until then, aluminum played no role in America. By the mid-1890s PRC was shipping 250 tons of aluminum annually. The Pittsburgh Reduction Company was renamed Alcoa in 1907 as the nation’s first major producer of aluminum and aluminum products. The New Kensington Works of Alcoa is located nineteen miles northeast of Pittsburgh, extended along the Allegheny River, and is bordered by Ninth Street to the south and Sixteenth Street to the north. By 1900 the New Kensington plant, now encompassing over fifteen acres, concentrated on metal fabrication and manufacture of new products, including special alloys, ingots, casting, sheets, rod and bars, cooking utensils, and job shop items. The United States Aluminum Company (USAC) was incorporated on September 28, 1901 to manufacture the cooking utensils and other products with the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company (ACUC) formed on October 24, 1901 to sell them, both as wholly owned subsidiaries of PRC. The kitchen utensils were sold under the Wear-Ever brand name. By 1912, their utensils had created and secured more than 75 percent of the aluminum cookware sales in the United States. In 1916 Alcoa completed the four story building located on Eleventh Street between Fourth and Fifth Avenues in New Kensington that housed both USAC and ACUC. This arrangement continued until 1925 when the Aluminum Cooking Utensil Company took over manufacturing as well as sales. These two companies employed 3,834 workers. Download Original Image
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